ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: Despite the treatment of anovulation, infertility is still one of the main complications in PCOS women during reproductive age, which appears to be mainly due to impaired uterine receptivity. This study investigated the transcriptome profiles of endometrium in PCOS patients and healthy fertile individuals as the control group. Material and methods: Total mRNA was extracted from endometrial tissues of PCOS patients (n = 12) and healthy fertile individuals (n = 10) during the luteal phase. After cDNA synthesis, PCR array was performed using Human Female Infertility RT² Profiler PCR Array kit (Qiagen, Cat. No: PAHS-164Z) for evaluating expression of 84 genes contributing to the female infertility. Results: PCR Array data analysis identified significantly greater expression of CSF, IL11, IL15, IL1r1, IL1b, TNF, LIF, TNFRSF10B, TGFβ, C3, ITGA4 (Cd49d), SPP1, and Calca in PCOS women than in controls (P < 0.05). However, the expression of LIFR, C2, CD55, CFD, CALCA, LAM1, LAMC2, MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, ESR, SELL, ITGB3, and VCAM1 was significantly lower in PCOS group than in controls (P < 0.05). The results revealed dysregulation of immune-inflammatory molecules, complement activation and downregulation of IGF-I as well as adhesion molecules in PCOS group. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated some potential causes of reduced receptivity of endometrium thus compromising the fertility in PCOS patients.
ABSTRACT
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one form of diabetes affect approximately 7 % of pregnancies. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes that is associated with loss of nerve fibers, myelin abnormalities and significant decrease in the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) in peripheral nerves. This study was done to determine the effect of induced diabetes during pregnancy on sciatic nerve in adult rat offspring. In this study, wistar rats' dams were allocated to control and diabetic groups. Diabetic rats were received 40 mg/kg/body weight of streptozotocin (STZ) on the first day of gestation. Six offspring of each group were randomly selected on 12 weeks postnatal and histopathological changes in their nerve tissue were examined through H&E staining and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the expression of MBP in sciatic nerve was examined by immunohistochemistry. We found that the myelinated fiber number of sciatic nerve in offspring of diabetic rats was reduced compared to the controls, but this difference was not significant. The average thickness of the myelin sheath of sciatic nerve fibers in the control and GDM was 97.1±0.1and 94.1±0.2 µm, respectively that the difference was not statistically significant. The expression of MBP protein in the myelin sheath of both groups was similar. TEM results showed that myelin sheath of diabetic offspring had not any changes compared to control. Atrophy of axons and schwannocytus (Schwann cells) alterations were not observed in diabetic offspring. Induction of diabetes during pregnancy reduced the number of nerve fibers and thickness of the myelin sheath. But it has no effect on MBP expression and schwannocytus morphology.
La diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) es una forma de diabetes que afecta aproximadamente al 7 % de los embarazos. La neuropatía periférica diabética (NPD) es una complicación frecuente de la diabetes asociada a la pérdida de fibras nerviosas, anomalías de la mielina y disminución significativa de la expresión de la proteína básica de mielina (PBM) en los nervios periféricos. Este estudio se realizó para determinar el efecto de la diabetes inducida durante el embarazo en el nervio ciático en descendientes de ratas adultas. Las ratas Wistar madres fueron asignadas a los grupos control y diabéticas. Las ratas diabéticas recibieron 40 mg/kg/peso corporal de estreptozotocina (STZ) el primer día de gestación. Seis descendientes de cada grupo fueron seleccionados al azar en la semana 12 postnatal y los cambios histopatológicos en su tejido nervioso se examinaron a través de tinción H-E y microscopía electrónica de transmisión. Además, la expresión de PBM en el nervio ciático se examinó mediante inmunohistoquímica. Se encontró que el número de fibras mielinizadas de nervio ciático en descendientes de ratas diabéticas se redujo en comparación con los controles, pero esta diferencia no fue significativa. El espesor medio de la vaina de mielina de las fibras nerviosas ciáticas en el control y DMG fue de 97,1±0,1 y 94,1±0,2 µm, respectivamente, y la diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa. La expresión de la proteína PBM en la vaina de mielina de ambos grupos fue similar. Los resultados del TEM mostraron que la vaina de mielina de la descendencia diabética no tuvo ningún cambio en comparación con el control. La atrofia de los axones y las alteraciones de los schwannocitos (células de Schwann) no se observaron en descendientes diabéticos. La inducción de diabetes durante el embarazo redujo el número de fibras nerviosas y el grosor de la vaina de mielina. Pero no tiene ningún efecto sobre la expresión de PBM y la morfología de las schwannocitos.